Given the challenges associated with treating vaso-occlusive pain in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease, better assessment tools are needed. Pupil size and reactivity have been studied to objectively measure pain utilizing pupillometry measurements. To better understand the cause of the group differences, further research in a larger sample is necessary, combining pupillometry with other measures to further validate its value. The results align with previous evidence, with development over time that could be explained by ANS maturation. Group differences were found for baseline pupil diameter (F(3,235.91) = 9.40, p < 0.001, = 0.11), with larger diameter in preterms and siblings than in controls, and for latency to constriction (F(3,237.10) = 3.48, p = 0.017, = 0.04), with preterms having a longer latency than controls. We used eye-tracking to capture the PLR in 216 infants in a longitudinal follow-up study spanning 5 to 24 months of age, and linear mixed models to investigate effects of age and group on three PLR parameters: baseline pupil diameter, latency to constriction and relative constriction amplitude. preterm birth, feeding difficulties, or siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder) and without (controls) increased likelihood for atypical ANS development. We aim to investigate early developmental trajectories of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) as indexed by the pupillary light reflex (PLR) in infants with (i.e. Keywords: Pupillometry pupils pediatric screening normative Also, age had a positive correlation with MAX, MIN, and CON. We found males to have significantly greater MCV and CON than females (p < 0.05). We sought to establish normative data in this group. Conclusions Quantitative pupillometry can be a useful tool for screening pediatric patients. 84.2% and 95.8% of participants showed resting pupil asymmetry of ≤0.5 mm and ≤1.0 mm, respectively. Age had a positive correlation with MAX, MIN, and CON. Results 196 eyes of 101 participants (42.6% male, ages 1–17 years, average age 10.3 years) were analyzed. Iris color was noted as light, intermediate, or dark. Quantitative data included maximum (MAX) and minimum (MIN) diameters, constriction percentage (CON), latency (LAT), average (ACV) and maximum (MCV) constriction velocities, average dilation velocity (ADV), and 75% recovery time (T75). Methods Pupillometry was obtained prospectively for consecutive, normal patients <18 years old being evaluated by Lurie Children’s Ophthalmology. We aim to establish normative data for scotopic pupillary size and function in the pediatric population. Noting size, reactivity, and consensual response is critical in assessing for optic nerve dysfunction. Purpose Pupillary evaluation is a crucial element of physical exams. More studies with higher participants and younger age children are needed. We have presented the static and dynamic parameters and the mean speed of pupil dilatation at the 18th second with automatic pupillometry in healthy individuals in childhood, adulthood, and old age. In addition, group 2 had a significantly larger pupil diameter than group 3 (P < 0.001 for all static and dynamic parameters) and the mean pupil dilation speed was faster than group 3 (P = 0.027). Group 1 had a significantly larger pupil diameter than groups 2 and 3 in all static and dynamic parameters, and the mean pupil dilation speed was the highest among the groups (P < 0.001 for all static and dynamic parameters). The mean pupil dilation speed at the 18th second was calculated according to dynamic measurements. Scotopic, mesopic, photopic, and dynamic measurements were taken with automatic pupillometry of Sirius Topographer (CSO, Firenze, Italy). Group 1 consisted of 30 participants between the ages of 6 and 18, group 2 consisted of 30 participants aged 19-40, and group 3 consisted of 30 participants aged 41-75. The study group included 180 eyes of 90 healthy volunteers in different age groups. We aimed to evaluate the normative pupillometry values and mean pupil dilatation speed in healthy individuals in different age groups in our study.
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